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# Choosing Which Circuits Stay On
- URL: https://genius-energy.ghost.io/choosing-which-circuits-stay-on/
- Published: 2026-10-03T11:17:26.000Z
- Updated: 2026-10-03T11:17:26.000Z
- Author: Mason Vance

Every home battery quote contains a decision that gets made quickly and lived with for years: whether the battery backs up the whole house or only a short list of circuits. The list is usually written in an afternoon by someone who does not live there.

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## Two Different Products Wearing the Same Name

In a **partial backup**, the installer builds a critical loads subpanel, moves a handful of circuits into it, and wires the battery to feed only that panel. Everything else in the house goes dark during an outage. The subpanel itself is inexpensive, generally a few hundred dollars in materials plus several hundred in labor, with a modest cost for each additional circuit moved across.

In **whole-home backup**, the battery feeds the main panel and everything in the house is theoretically available. The extra cost is not wiring. It is **capacity and output:** enough inverter power to start a heat pump or a well pump, and enough stored energy to be worth having once those are running.

The numbers make the difference concrete. A single battery in the range of thirteen kilowatt hours running a modest set of essentials at around half a kilowatt will last most of a day. The same battery carrying an unrestricted house pulling several kilowatts will not last two hours. Whole-home backup that actually behaves like whole-home backup usually means **more than one battery and a larger inverter**, which is why installed costs for it run well above a partial system.

The real weakness of partial backup is not the capacity. It is that **you have to guess in advance what you will miss**, and the circuits cannot be changed once the outage starts. Households discover in January that the garage freezer is not on the list, or that the one bedroom with the window unit is not either.

There is a middle path that did not exist a few years ago. A **smart panel** controls each circuit individually and in software, so the house is wired as whole-home backup but the battery only ever feeds what is currently allowed. The priority list becomes something you can change during the outage instead of something decided at installation.

### The Hardware Stack

- **Tesla Powerwall 3:** A whole-home oriented battery with enough inverter output to start large motor loads without a separate starting device.
- **Enphase IQ System Controller:** The device that separates the home from the grid and defines what the battery feeds, whether that is a subpanel or the full main panel.
- **SPAN Smart Panel:** A replacement main panel that controls circuits individually, which turns the backup list into a setting rather than a wiring decision.

### Vulnerability Score

**Guessed list:** A critical loads panel is chosen before the first real outage, and the circuits most missed are frequently the ones left out.

**Overstated coverage:** Whole-home backup on a single battery runs out quickly under real household load, so the label describes the wiring rather than the runtime.

**Locked configuration:** Changing which circuits are backed up after the fact means an electrician and a panel opening, not an app.

### How to Read Your Own Quote

Ask **two questions** of any proposal. First, **which specific circuits are in the backup path**, listed by name rather than by count. Second, **what runtime the installer expects at the load those circuits actually represent**, not at a generic figure.

Then walk the house with that list in hand and ask what is missing. The freezer in the garage, the sump pump, the furnace blower, the well pump, the router, and one comfortable room are the items households name after their first long outage. If the list in the quote does not include them, **the fix is far cheaper now than after the panel is closed up.**

![](https://storage.ghost.io/c/e6/ee/e6ee1e2b-d1a5-4bf5-9ea4-466c4fb0764d/content/images/2026/10/loadspanel-subpanel.jpg)

Written by Mason Vance

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